Unit 1: Current Affairs and Issues – Class 10 English Guide
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| Current Affairs and Issues Class 10 English Guide. |
- Summary: Explores the evolution of autonomous vehicles, highlighting their potential to revolutionize transportation by reducing accidents and improving efficiency
- Key Points:
- Enhanced road safety through reduced human error.
- Increased traffic efficiency and reduced congestion.
- Potential job displacement in driving sectors.
- Ethical concerns regarding decision-making in critical situations. - Discussion: Students are encouraged to debate the pros and cons of driverless technology.
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Summary: A heartfelt appeal from children worldwide urging the UN to prioritize climate action and ensure a sustainable future.
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Key Points:
- The role of youth in advocating for climate justice.
- Demands for inclusive representation in climate decision-making.
- Call for immediate and effective global climate policies. - Discussion: Students analyze the impact of youth activism on global policies.
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SEE Class 10 Compulsory English | All Units Notes:
- Unit-1 | Current Affairs and Issues | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-2 | Festivals and Celebrations | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-3 | Health and Wellness | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-4 | Work and Leisure | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-5 | Science and Experiment | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-6 | Food and Cuisine | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-7 | Cyber Security | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-8 | Hobbies and Interests | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-9 | History and Culture | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-10 | Games and Sports | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-11 | Ethics and Morality | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-12 | Nature and Development | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-13 | Population and Migration | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-14 | Travel and Adventure | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-15 | People and Places | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-16 | Success and Celebration | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-17 | Countries and Towns | Class 10 | English | Guide.
- Unit-18 | Media and Entertainment | Class 10 | English | Guide.
View All SEE Class 10 Compulsory English Notes:
SEE Class 10 Compulsory English | All Units Notes and Question Papers Collection.
Current Affairs and Issues
Reading I
A. The following words have two different meanings. Match each word with the meaning used in the context of the text above.
| glare | i. an angry or fierce stare |
| ii. an intense blinding light | |
| curb | i. a stone edging to a pavement or raised path |
| ii. something that checks or restrains | |
| hail | i. to call to somebody in order to attract their attention |
| ii. to describe somebody/something as being very good or special | |
| commute | i. to replace a punishment with a less severe one |
| ii. to travel regularly between wok place and home | |
| serene | i. calm and peaceful |
| ii. an expanse of clear sky or calm sea | |
| liability | i. a person or thing that causes you a lot of problems |
| ii. the state of being legally responsible for something | |
| deploy | i. to move soldiers or weapons into a position for an action |
| ii. to use something effectively | |
| autonomous | i. a vehicle that has the technology to drive itself |
| ii. able to do things and make decisions without help from anyone else | |
| perception | i. a belief or an image about how you see or understand something |
| ii. the ability to understand the true nature of something |
Answer:
a. glare: ii. an intense blinding light
b. curb: ii. something that checks or restrains
c. hail: i. to call to somebody in order to attract their attention
d. commute: ii. to travel regularly between wok place and home
e. serene: i. calm and peaceful
f. liability: ii. the state of being legally responsible for something
g. deploy: ii. to use something effectively
h. autonomous: i. a vehicle that has the technology to drive itself
i. perception: ii. the ability to understand the true nature of something
B. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the sentences below.
| a. One of the features of automated cars is that ..... | i. they wait for the passengers. |
| ii. they approach slowly. | |
| iii. they have their own voice to welcome people into them. | |
| b. Driverless technology is being widely used particularly in ..... | i. the USA |
| ii. the UK | |
| iii. the UAE | |
| c. The positive impact of such technology on the environment is ..... | i. it prevents road accidents |
| ii. it paves the way to sustainable life | |
| iii. it reduces the carbon production | |
| d. One of the problems with driverless technology is that ..... | i. it cannot deal with traffic system |
| ii. it cannot deal with human drivers | |
| iii. it cannot cope with other cars | |
| e. One of the biggest challenges of the automated cars is ..... | i. its safety from the human environment |
| ii. human safety from it | |
| iii. its durability in the human environment | |
| f. The automated technology developed so far is ..... | i. completely trustworthy |
| ii. partly trustworthy | |
| iii. not trustworthy at all |
Answer:
a. One of the features of automated cars is that ..... - iii. they have their own voice to welcome people into them
b. Driverless technology is being widely used particularly in ..... - i. the USA
c. The positive impact of such technology on the environment is ..... - iii. it reduces the carbon production
d. One of the problems with driverless technology is that ..... - ii. it cannot deal with human drivers
e. One of the biggest challenges of the automated cars is ..... - ii. human safety from it
f. The automated technology developed so far is ..... - ii. partly trustworthy
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Mention any three features of the driverless car.
Answer: The three features of the driverless car are:
i. They have the capability to operate without a human driver.ii. They communicate with passengers using voice.
iii. They can be hailed using an app.
b. Describe the benefits of driverless technology.
Answer: The benefits/advantages of driverless technology include safer roads with fewer fatalities, lower carbon emissions and a more sustainable way of living, and potentially redefining our relationship with cars and industries.
c. What, according to Camilla Fowler, is the special advantage of automated vehicles?
Answer: According to Camilla Fowler, the special advantage of automated vehicles is their potential to provide safer roads with fewer fatalities.
d. What are the problems with driverless vehicles in David Hynd's views?
Answer: According to David Hynd, the problems with driverless vehicles include their ability to cope with human drivers' behaviors such as speeding and breaking the rules of the road.
e. What are scientists doing to make driverless technology safer?
Answer: Scientists are testing and improving driverless technology in complex and unpredictable human environments, such as the Mcity Test Facility, to make it safer
f. Do you think driverless technology is safer than human-controlled driving? Why?
Answer: The safety of driverless technology compared to human-controlled driving is a matter of debate. Automation could ultimately make travel safer, but there are concerns about its ability to cope with unpredictable human behaviors and the need for infrastructure improvements.
D. Think of any three other areas where artificial intelligence (AI) has been used. What are the benefits of using AI in these areas? share your ideas with the class.
Answer:
1. Healthcare
Applications:
Predictive Analytics: AI analyzes patient data to forecast health risks, enabling early intervention and personalized treatment plans.
Remote Monitoring: Wearable devices powered by AI track vital signs, alerting healthcare providers to potential issues before they become critical.
Drug Discovery: AI accelerates the identification of potential drug candidates by analyzing biological data, reducing the time and cost associated with traditional methods.
Benefits:
Improved Patient Outcomes: Early detection and personalized treatments lead to better health results.
Operational Efficiency: Automation of administrative tasks allows healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care.
Cost Reduction: Streamlining processes and optimizing resource allocation reduce healthcare costs .
2. Education
Applications:
Virtual Tutors and Assistants: AI-powered tools provide personalized learning experiences, offering explanations, answering questions, and guiding students through lessons.
Grading and Assessment: AI systems can grade assignments and provide feedback, saving educators time and ensuring consistency.
Learning Management Systems (LMS): AI enhances LMS by recommending resources and tracking student progress, facilitating personalized learning paths .
Benefits:
Personalized Learning: Tailors educational content to individual student needs, improving engagement and understanding.
Efficiency for Educators: Automates administrative tasks, allowing teachers to dedicate more time to instruction.
Accessibility: Provides learning opportunities to students in remote or underserved areas through online platforms .
3. Agriculture
Applications:
Crop and Soil Monitoring: AI analyzes data from sensors and satellites to assess soil health and crop conditions, guiding irrigation and fertilization.
Livestock Management: AI systems monitor animal health and behavior, detecting diseases early and optimizing feeding schedules.
Supply Chain Optimization: AI predicts demand and manages logistics, reducing waste and ensuring timely delivery of produce .
Benefits:
Increased Productivity: Optimized resource use and early problem detection lead to higher crop yields and healthier livestock.
Sustainability: Efficient use of water and fertilizers reduces environmental impact.
Economic Gains: Improved supply chain management and reduced losses enhance profitability for farmers.
Extra: Post-reading activity
Write the areas where artificial intelligences (AI) has been used and explain the benefits of AI in these areas.
Answer:
Grammar I
A. Match the following statements with the correct reported speech and notice how the statements are changed.
| a. Khusi said, "I go to school everyday by bus." | i. Karma apologised for coming late. |
| b. Karma said to me, "I'm sorry for coming late." | ii. Susan says that she will leave for Bhanu the following week. |
| c. Susan says, "I will leave for Bhanu next week." | iii. Tshering promised me to meet that Saturday. |
| d. Tshering said, "I will surely meet you this Saturday." | iv. The agent informed us that the bus left at six. |
| e. "The bus leaves at six, "said the agent. | v. Khusi said that she went to school everyday by bus. |
| f. "I have already finished my project work," said She. | vi. Yanjal said that he worked from house those days. |
| g. "I work from home these days," said Yanjal. | vii. She said that she had already finished her project work. |
a. Khusi said, "I go to school everyday by bus." - v. Khusi said that she went to school everyday by bus.
b. Karma said to me, "I'm sorry for coming late." - i. Karma apologised for coming late.
c. Susan says, "I will leave for Bhanu next week." - ii. Susan says that she will leave for Bhanu the following week.
d. Tshering said, "I will surely meet you this Saturday." - iii. Tshering promised me to meet that Saturday.
e. "The bus leaves at six, "said the agent. - iv. The agent informed us that the bus left at six.
f. "I have already finished my project work," said She. - vii. She said that she had already finished her project work.
g. "I work from home these days," said Yanjal. - vi. Yanjal said that he worked from house those days.
B. Complete the following sentences with the correct reporting verbs.
| advised | admitted | warned | offered | thanked |
| informed | agreed | apologised | promised |
a. "I broke the mirror." He admitted that he had broken the mirror.
b. "I'd go and see a doctor if I were you," Pemba said to me. Pemba advised me to see a doctor.
c. "I will send you out if you make a noise again," said the librarian warned me not to make a noise again.
d. "I can come and help you plant rice," said Raman. Raman offered to help me plant rice.
e. "The classes start from next week," said the assistant. The assistant informed us that the classes start from the following week.
f. Sonam said to me, "Thank you so much for your help." Sonam thanked me for my help.
g. "OK. I will return your money by Saturday," said Prakrit. Prakriti promised to return my money by Saturday.
h. "I will really work hard and score good grades," said Anupam. Anupam agreed to work hard and get good grades.
i. "I am sorry for coming late," said the speaker. The speaker apologised for coming late.
Writing I
The use of Al in the technology is not only making people's lives easier but bringing new challenges. Write a newspaper article about the challenges brought by the advancement of Al in technology.
Answer:
As artificial intelligence (Al) continues to evolve and become integrated into various aspects of our daily lives, it has brought about significant challenges. While Al has undoubtedly made tasks more efficient and convenient, there are concerns about its impact on society, economy, and ethics.The issue of data privacy is also a concern in the advancement of Al. Al systems often rely on vast amounts of data for their training and decision-making processes.
This raises questions about who owns the data, how it is collected, and how it is used. There are concerns about data breaches, unauthorised access, and the potential misuse of personal information. Protecting the privacy and security of data used in Al technologies is crucial to prevent abuse and maintain public trust.
Another challenge is the impact of Al on social dynamics. The use of Al in social media and online platforms has raised concerns about the spread of fake news, manipulation of public opinions, and the polarisation of society. Al-powered algorithms that curate content and personalize information for users can create echo chambers and filter bubbles, reinforcing existing beliefs and limiting exposure to diverse perspectives. This can have negative consequences on democracy, public discourse, and social cohesion.
In conclusion, while Al has brought significant advancements in technology and improved many aspects of our lives, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed. Job displacement, ethical concerns, data privacy, misuse, and social impact are some of the challenges that arise with the advancement of Al in technology. It is essential to have robust regulations, ethical frameworks, and responsible practices in place to mitigate these challenges and ensure that Al is used for the benefit of humanity while minimizing its potential harm. Striking a balance between technological advancements and societal well-being is crucial as we navigate the future of Al in technology.
Open Letter to UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres
Reading II
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words given below.
| tackle | corporate | outrage | catalyse |
| at stake | net-zero | expertise |
a. The corporate headquarters of the company is in Dubai.
b. According to Greta, the leaders are failing to tackle the key issues.
c. Some viruses catalyse the step in the production of other viruses.
d. His expertise in business helped him greatly to run the company.
e. Nepal government plans to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to net-zero.
f. He does not have good knowledge of business. So, he has put his investment at stake.
g. His controversial remarks caused public outrage.
B. Write whether the following sentences are 'True' or 'False'. Write 'Not Given' if the information is not found in the letter.
a. Save the Children congratulates Antonio Guterres on his recent appointment as the General Secretary of the UN. (False)
b. The Youth Advisory Group on Climate Change was announced on the request of the children between 18-21 years of age. (Not Given)
c. The dissatisfaction is that the representation of children is not inclusive. (True)
d. Greta Thunberg protested for the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment. (True)
e. The children demand their physical safety in the UK and Italy. (False)
f. The children think that they can participate in decision making to fight against the climate crisis. (True)
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Where is the office of the UN Secretary General?
Answer: The office of the UN Secretary General is located at 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017.
b. What is the purpose of writing this letter to Antonio Guterres?
Answer: The purpose of writing this letter is to express dissatisfaction with the exclusion of children in the Youth Advisory Group on Climate Change and to request their inclusion.
c. Why was the Youth Advisory Group announced?
Answer: The Youth Advisory Group was announced to advise the UN Secretary General on accelerating global action and action to tackle the worsening climate crisis.
d. What roles have children played in the time of climate crisis?
Answer: Children have been agents of change, engaging with political and corporate leaders, and using their channels of influence to catalyze global activism on the climate crisis.
e. Describe Greta Thunberg and Fabrizio's contributions.
Answer: Greta Thunberg sparked the global movement through a solo protest and asserted the importance of individual action. Fabrizio, a 16-year-old boy from Peru, emphasized the urgency of climate action and the need for a green recovery.
f. What is the final demand of the children?
Answer: The final demand of the children is for the Youth Advisory Group on climate change to be
inclusive of children and adolescents younger than 18, and for children to have a safe space
to influence preparatory events for COP26.
D. As a student, what roles can you play to control climate change and its effects? Share your ideas in the class.
Answer:
As a student, we can play several important roles in controlling climate change and its effects. Here are some ideas we can share in class:
Raise Awareness
Talk to classmates, family, and community about climate change. Share facts through presentations, posters, or social media to encourage others to act.Lead by Example
Practice eco-friendly habits like reducing plastic use, conserving water, switching off lights and electronics when not in use, and using public transport, cycling, or walking.Participate in Tree Planting
Organize or join tree planting campaigns at school or in your community. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and help cool the environment.Start or Join a Green Club
Work with other students on school projects like recycling, clean-up drives, and creating a school garden. Promote sustainable practices on campus.Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Follow the 3Rs at home and in school. Encourage others to recycle paper, bottles, and cans, and reuse items instead of throwing them away.Choose a Sustainable Diet
Eat more plant-based foods and reduce food waste. Eating local and seasonal foods also helps lower your carbon footprint.Encourage School Policy Changes
Suggest ideas like banning single-use plastics, using energy-efficient lighting, or organizing eco-friendly events.Educate Yourself
Learn more about climate science and sustainable living. Share what you learn with others and apply it in real life.
Grammar II
A. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the sentences:
a. Abhilasha said that she witnessed the accident. (witnessed, has witnessed, was witnessed)
b. The teacher explained that the earth revolves round the sun. (the earth revolves round the sun, the earth revolved round the sun, revolve round the sun)
c. Smarika says that she can't stay here anymore. (she could not stay there anymore, I can't stay here anymore, she can't stay here anymore)
d. Sachita says that she loves to listen to music. (she loves to listen to music, she loved to listen to music, I love to listen to music)
e. My brother reported that he had completed his homework. (he had completed his homework, I have completed my homework, he has done his homework)
f. My father said that the sun was very hot. (is, are, was)
g. Jenifer said that she wants to be a nurse. (want, wants, wanted)
B. Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech.
a. Raima said, "We had to cross the river and go ahead."
Answer: Raima said that they had to cross the river and go ahead.
Writing II
Write a letter to the Mayor of your municipality or the Chairperson of your rural municipality requesting him/her to involve the representatives of children in the decision making process related to children's issues in your municipality/rural municipality.
Answer:
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