Unit 12: Nature and Development – Class 10 English Guide

unit 12 nature and development class 10 english guide
DR Gurung
Unit-12-Nature-and-Development-Class10-English-Guide
Nature and Development Class 10 English Guide/Note.
Hello and Welcome to Unit 12 Nature and Development Class 10 English Guide/Note. The Class 10 English Unit 12 is based on the theme of Nature and Development. It inculcates two reading texts that comprise various comprehension exercises related to the theme. The unit 12 Nature and Development Class 10 English Guide/Note includes adequate tasks for listening, reading, writing, and speaking as a fundamental part for a language classroom. The language function focuses on expressing degrees of possibilities. That is further supported by the grammar exercises related to the Tense (Future Tense and its aspects) that enhance the competencies in English language.

We hope this comprehensive resource is designed to provide you with every answer to the questions posed in your textbook, focusing on Nature and Development and more as shown below -

Mainly this unit includes two main readings:

Reading I: Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track: A Project of National Pride

This is the first reading text in this unit which is about an ongoing developmental project of national pride: Kathmandu -Terai/Madhesh fast track project.

Objectives:

  • a. To learn the vocabulary: enhance, prosperity, implications, connectivity, calamities, shipping congestion, accommodate, accelerate, innovative, vulnerable, constraints, etc.
  • b. To read the text and do the comprehension tasks

Reading II: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802

The second reading text is the poem entitled “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802” written by William Wordsworth. The poem features the speaker's impression while observing Westminster Bridge and the river Thames in London.

Objectives:

  • a. To recite and enjoy the poem in the class
  • b. To learn the vocabulary: majesty, doth, domes. Mighty glideth, splendour, etc.
  • c. To do the given comprehensive tasks
Let's explore further key exercises and answers of Unit 12 Nature and Development Class 10 English Guide/Note for enhanced learning.

SEE Class 10 Compulsory English | All Units Notes:

View All SEE Class 10 Compulsory English Notes:

Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track: A Project of National Pride

[Adapted from the article 'Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track (Expressway) Road Project (KTFT): Blessing Or Curse?' by Arbind Shrestha]

A. Complete the crossword puzzle below with the words from the text.

ACROSS →
3. weak and without protection - Vulnerable
5. the amount by which something is less than what is needed - Deficit
6. to provide with a space - Accommodate
8. events that cause great harm and misery - Calamity
10. using new methods or ideas - Innovative

DOWN ↓
1. things that limit or control what you can do - Constraints
2. to make an action or a process possible or easier - Facilitate
4. the state of being crowded - Congestion
7. the physical movement of goods from one point to another - Shipping
9. to collect or increase something gradually - Accumulate

B. Complete the following sentences choosing the best alternatives.

a. The total length in KTFT from Khokana to Nijgadh is .......... .
i. 72.5 km
ii. 55.49 km
iii. 10.60 km
Answer: i. 72.5 km

b. Nepal can reduce the consumption of petroleum products after completing KTFT as it  .......... .
i. contributes to economic growth
ii. enhances connectivity
iii. shortens travel time
Answer: iii. shortens travel time

c. The main challenge of the project upon completion .......... .
i. managing crowd in Kathmandu
ii. controlling road accident
iii. establishing link roads
Answer: establishing link roads

d. According to the writer, the success of completing the project depends on .......... .
i. cost
ii. technology
iii. socio-economic benefits
Answer: ii. technology

C. Answer these questions.

a. What type of project is Kathmandu- Terai/Madhesh Fast Track?

Answer: Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track is a mega highway project with strategic importance in Nepal.

b. How is KTFT going to reduce the consumption of petrol in Nepal?

Answer: KTFT is going to reduce the consumption of petrol in Nepal because it shortens the distance and travel time from Terai to Kathmandu.

c. Will this project help promote tourism in Nepal? How?

Answer: Yes, this project will help to promote tourism in Nepal because it is cheaper to travel and Indian tourists and tourists from the southern border can visit Kathmandu more easily and in short travel.

d. How does this project contribute to the development of high-skill human resources in Nepal?

Answer: The project contributes to the development of high-skill human resources in Nepal by introducing new technologies and structures like high bridges and twin tunnels. The people involved in KTFT will have the opportunity to learn and sharpen their knowledge and skills in these areas.

e. How does the project help the people living in the Eastern Terai?

Answer: The project helps the people living in the Eastern Terai by providing better accessibility and connectivity to Kathmandu. It allows for shorter travel distances at higher speeds, facilitating access to health, education, jobs, new markets, and the Nijgadh International Airport, which is currently under construction.

D. How is KTFT likely to affect the environment?

Answer:

The construction and operation of the Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track (KTFT) project are likely to have both positive and negative effects on the environment. Here are some potential environmental Impacts:

1. Deforestation: During the construction phase, clearing land for the project can result in deforestation. This removal of trees and vegetation can lead to habitat loss, soil erosion, and disruption of ecosystems.

2. Air Pollution: Construction activities, such as rock blasting, quarrying, and dumping of filling particles, can generate dust and particulate matter, contributing to air pollution. The accumulation of air pollutants can have adverse effects on air quality and human health.

3. Noise Pollution: The construction and operation of the fast track may generate significant noise, particularly in nearby residential areas. This can have negative impacts on wildlife, livestock, and human well-being.

4. Wildlife Disruption: The fast track's construction can fragment natural habitats, disrupt wildlife corridors, and limit animal movement. This can lead to changes in wildlife behaviour, loss of biodiversity, and potential negative consequences for local ecosystems.

5. Water Pollution: Improper waste management during construction, including the disposal of construction materials and chemicals, can result in water pollution. Runoff from the project site may carry sediments, pollutants, and debris into nearby water bodies, affecting water quality and aquatic life.

It is important to note that environmental impacts can be mitigated through proper planning, implementation of environmental management plans, and adherence to regulations and best practices. Environmental assessments, monitoring programs, and mitigation measures should be employed to minimise the negative effects of KTFT on the environment.

Or,

The construction of the Kathmandu -Terai/Madesh Fast Track (KTFT) is likely to have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. Some of the points are included here as a guideline for writing.

Positive Impacts of KTFT:-

● The construction of the fast track will improve transportation facilities and reduce travel time and distance between Kathmandu and Terai Region.
● This could lead to reduced air pollution caused by vehicles.
● It could promote tourism and trade in the region and contribute to the economic growth of the country.

Negative Impacts of KTFT:-

● The construction could have significant adverse effects on the environment.
● The construction process would involve a massive level of deforestation, excavation of hills and blasting, leading to soil erosion, landslides and loss of biodiversity.
● The increased vehicular traffic could lead to increased air pollution, noise pollution and water pollution which affect the health and well-being of the living areas.

Grammar I

A. Match the sentence halves in A with B to form sentences.

A B
a. Hurry up! We're leaving ..... i. one day.
b. They'll be watching a movie in a theatre ..... ii. in ten minutes.
c. We will have arrived home ..... iii. next winter.
d. It's definite. My friends and I are going to travel ..... iv. at this time next week.
e. I think he will be rich and famous ..... v. by this time Sunday.
Answer:
a. Hurry up! We're leaving - ii. in ten minutes.
- Hurry up! We're leaving in ten minutes.

b. They'll be watching a movie in a theatre - iv. at this time next week.
- They'll be watching a movie in a theatre at this time next week.

c. We will have arrived home - v. by this time Sunday.
- We will have arrived home by this time Sunday.

d. It's definite. My friends and I are going to travel - iii. next winter.
- It's definite. My friends and I are going to travel next winter.

e. I think he will be rich and famous - i. one day.
- I think he will be rich and famous one day.

B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb; in brackets. Use the future simple, be going to, future perfect or future continuous.

Answer:

a. As per the schedule, the exam is going to start (start) at exactly 11 o'clock.
b. See you at the airport! I will be carrying (carry) an orange suitcase.
c. Don't worry! I won't leave (not leave) without you.
d. We certainly will not finish (not finish) all the work by this week.
e. Sagun has decided that he is going to invite (invite) some of her friends for dinner after work.
f. Will the receptionist remember to call the students this afternoon?
g. What are you going to do (do) at the weekend?
h. I will not be working (not/work) tomorrow so we can go shopping.
i. If you touch the stove, you will burn (burn) yourself.
j. Next week at this time we will be flying (fly) to Dubai for a trip.

Writing I

There may be different development works ongoing in your community. Study one of them and write a report on it. Take the text in Reading I as a sample.

Answer:

Title: Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track: A Project of National Pride

Introduction: The Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track (KTFT) is a mega highway project of strategic importance in Nepal. It is an infrastructure project that aims to enhance connectivity and accelerate economic growth in the country. In this report, we will explore the details of the project, its potential benefits, and the challenges it faces.

Project Overview: The KTFT is a 72.5 km long fast track that will connect Khokana, Lalitpur with Nijgadh, Bara at the East-West highway junction. The project consists of a road with a total length of 55.49 km, 87 bridges with a total length of 10.60 km, and three twin tunnels with a total length of 6.41 km. The construction of the fast track is expected to reduce the travel time between Kathmandu and Terai to approximately one hour.

Potential Benefits:

1. Accelerating the country's economic growth: The KTFT will contribute to connecting Kathmandu and Terai more closely. The reduced travel distance will result in daily fuel savings, potentially exceeding NRs. five billion. This enhanced connectivity will have positive implications for the economic growth of Nepal. Leaning Nenal

2. Development of high skill human resources: The construction of KTFT involves complex structures like high bridges and twin tunnels. The project will introduce new technologies to Nepal, providing an opportunity for Nepali people to enhance their knowledge and skills in these areas.

3. Employment opportunities: The project will create job opportunities for the young population of the country. These new job opportunities will contribute to improving the economic conditions of families.

4. Kathmandu-Terai accessibility: KTFT will provide a shorter travel distance and higher speed connectivity between Kathmandu and Nijgadh. This accessibility will benefit the people of Terai in various aspects such as health, education, jobs, and new markets. It will also facilitate the Nijgadh International Airport, connecting it efficiently to the capital.

5. Reduction in the high density of the Kathmandu Valley: With the operation of KTFT, the distance from Kathmandu to Terai will be limited to an hour. This will allow people from faraway places to access the facilities of Kathmandu without the need to settle there, reducing the congestion and density of the Kathmandu Valley.

Challenges:

1. Road-user behaviour and traffic safety: The introduction of a more advanced infrastructure like KTFT can pose challenges in terms of road-user behaviour and traffic safety. The higher design speed of the fast track can increase the risk of road accidents.

2. Establishment of link roads: After the completion of KTFT, ensuring smooth connectivity with neighbouring highways and cities through link roads will be crucial. Without well-established supporting link roads, the effectiveness of KTFT may be compromised.

3. Environmental impact: The construction of a large infrastructure project like KTFT can have adverse effects on the environment. These may include air pollution from dust particles during rock blasting, quarrying, and filling activities. Deforestation during the construction phase can also contribute to environmental degradation.

Conclusion: The Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track is a project of national pride in Nepal. It holds the potential to accelerate the country's economic growth, create employment opportunities, and improve accessibility between Kathmandu and Terai. However, it also faces challenges related to road safety, establishment of link roads, and environmental impact. With proper planning, implementation, and mitigation measures, KTFT has the potential to bring significant benefits to Nepal and its people.

Reading II

Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802

- [William Wordsworth]

Summary of "Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802"

"Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" is a sonnet by William Wordsworth that captures the poet's awe-inspiring experience as he crosses Westminster Bridge in London. The poem describes the tranquillity and beauty of the cityscape during the early morning hours. Wordsworth marvels at the sight of London's architectural marvels, the flowing River Thames, and the surrounding natural landscape. Despite the bustling city and its urban activities, the poet finds a moment of stillness and profound appreciation for the harmony between nature and human creation. The poem celebrates the power of nature to evoke powerful emotions and highlights Wordsworth's ability to find beauty in the ordinary aspects of life.

A. Consult a dictionary and write the meanings of the following words.

a. doth b. majesty c. domes d. glittering
e. splendor f. glideth g. mighty

Answer:

a. doth: does (archaic form of verb 'do')
b. majesty: high quality, highly impressive
c. domes: upper half of the sphere generally known as a curved or pointed top of roof-like structure
d. glittering: shining
e. splendor: great light, grandeur
f. glideth: glides, flows
g. mighty: powerful

B. Complete the summary of the poem choosing the correct words/phrases.

magnificence Westminister Bridge straightforward
the bustling city the countryside the morning's beauty
happily asleep the most beautiful scene

A speaker shares his impressions of the view from                  in the poem 'Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" by William Wordsworth. The speaker finds the city of London with                  in the Earth, creating the most beautiful scene. According to him, anyone who does not stop at the Westminster Bridge to see the scene that morning should be dull. The city wins the heart of the speaker as it is wearing                  .

It is early morning when the speaker describes the majesty of the city. The various landmarks visible from the bridge stand before him in all their                  in the morning light. The speaker finds himself lucky as there is no "London fog" to hide the view.

According to the speaker, the sun is shining on the buildings as it shines on                  . He is also surprised to feel more peace in                  of London than anywhere else. The River Thames moves slowly beneath him. He also thinks that the city is                  before another busy day.

Answer:

A speaker shares his impressions of the view from Westminster Bridge in the poem 'Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" by William Wordsworth. The speaker finds the city of London with the most beautiful scene in the Earth, creating the most beautiful scene. According to him, anyone who does not stop at the Westminster Bridge to see the scene that morning should be dull. The city wins the heart of the speaker as it is wearing the morning’s beauty.

It is early morning when the speaker describes the majesty of the city. The various landmarks visible from the bridge stand before him in all their magnificence in the morning light. The speaker finds himself lucky as there is no "London fog" to hide the view.

According to the speaker, the sun is shining on the buildings as it shines on the countryside. He is also surprised to feel more peace in the bustling city of London than anywhere else. The River Thames moves slowly beneath him. He also thinks that the city is happily asleep before another busy day.

C. Answer these questions.

a. When was the poem composed?

Answer: The poem "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" was composed on September 3, 1802.

b. According to the speaker, who is dull of soul?

Answer: According to the speaker, anyone who does not stop at the bridge to the scene of the beautiful morning is dull of soul.

c. How does the poet describe the beauty of morning?

Answer: The poet describes the beauty of the morning as majestic with beauty and peacefulness.

d. What does the word 'garment' refer to? Who is wearing it?

Answer: The word 'garment' which means clothing refers to the beauty that the city is wearing.

e. How does the poet feel when he sees such a beautiful sight?

Answer: When the poet sees such a beautiful sight, he feels deeply moved by the calmness and beauty of nature.

f. Why does the poet use the words like: valley, rock and hill?

Answer: The poet uses the words like: valley, rock and hill to visualize the scenic varieties that enrich the beauty of the landscape.

g. What impression of London does the speaker create? How does he do that?

Answer: The speaker creates a majestic impression of the iconic city, London highlighting the various landmarks that can be seen from the bridge.

h. What is the main theme of the poem?

Answer: The main theme of the poem is the sublime beauty of the city with its peacefulness early in the morning.

D. Does your city or village look similar to London early in the morning? Tell your friends.

Answer:

Subject: The Serene Beauty of Our City in the Early Morning!

Dear Friends,
In the early morning my village also looks as beautiful as a dawn in London. As the first light penetrates through the green hills, sleepy streets awaken to the chirping of birds and the gentle hum of daily life. Narrow pathways wind between pretty homes decorated with colorful prayer flags, reminiscent of London's charming pathways. Smoke rising from rustic ovens adds to the atmosphere of tranquility. Though worlds apart in culture and landscape, both settings share the magic of a new day dawning, enveloping their surroundings in a sense of peace and calmness.

Warm Regards,
Nischal Gurung
Or,

Subject: The Serene Beauty of Our City in the Early Morning!

Dear Friends,
I hope this message finds you well. Today, I wanted to share with all of you the enchanting sight that I witnessed in our city during the early morning hours. As I was strolling through our streets, I couldn't help but notice the resemblance to the peaceful and breathtaking scene described in William Wordsworth's poem "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802."

Our city, like London, possesses a certain charm and tranquility during the early hours of the day. The gentle rays of the rising sun cast a golden glow upon the buildings, and the streets seem to be calmly awakening from their slumber. The air is fresh, and a sense of serenity envelopes the surroundings.

While we may not have the grand architectural wonders of London, our cityscape has its own unique appeal. The soft hues of the buildings blend harmoniously with the natural elements around us. The nearby river mirrors the radiant sky above, creating a picturesque reflection that soothes the soul.

I encourage each of you to take a moment in the early morning to appreciate the beauty that surrounds us. Whether it's a quiet walk through the streets, a peaceful moment by the riverbank, or simply gazing at the gentle hills and valleys in the distance, there is a certain magic to be found in the stillness of the early hours.

Let us embrace and celebrate the beauty of our city, just as Wordsworth celebrated the beauty of London. Share your experiences and impressions with one another, and perhaps we can discover hidden gems and unique perspectives that make our city even more special.

Wishing you all peaceful mornings filled with sights and a deep connection to the beauty of our surroundings, awe-inspiring.

Warm regards,
Nischal Gurung

Grammar II

A. Choose the correct answers and complete the text.

My uncle's family usually comes to stay with us for Dashain, but .......... (by this Dashain/this Dashain) we are going to visit them instead. They live in a village in Kalikot. I can hardly wait. I .......... (will have had/will be having) a fantastic time there. School holidays .......... (are going to start/will start) on Friday, and we are going to leave the following morning. At this time next week, I .......... (will be trekking/will have trekked) to Rara Lake with my cousin, Sunil. He's an experienced trekker, and I .......... (am going to practise/will have practised) rock climbing with him every day.

.......... (By/On) the last day of our visit, Sunil's dad is going to take us to visit Manma, the district headquarters. I hope by then I .......... (will have explored/will be exploring) a lot about the life of people in Karnali. I .......... (will be getting/will have got) a lot of experience of trekking by the time we get back to Kathmandu after Dashain.

Answer:

CMy uncle's family usually comes to stay with us for Dashain, but this Dashain (by this Dashain/this Dashain) we are going to visit them instead. They live in a village in Kalikot. I can hardly wait. I will be having (will have had/will be having) a fantastic time there. School holidays will start on Friday, and we are going to leave the following morning. At this time next week, I will be trekking (will be trekking/will have trekked) to Rara Lake with my cousin, Sunil. He's an experienced trekker, and I am going to practise (am going to practise/will have practised) rock climbing with him every day.

On (By/On) the last day of our visit, Sunil's dad is going to take us to visit Manma, the district headquarters. I hope by then I will have explored (will have explored/will be exploring) a lot about the life of people in Karnali. I will have got (will be getting/will have got) a lot of experience of trekking by the time we get back to Kathmandu after Dashain.

B. Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use the future simple, be going to. future continuous, future perfect tenses or future perfect continuous tenses.

a.
Tennis practice starts at 10, and we plan to play for two hours. (finish)
By 12 o'clock,                        .
Answer: Tennis practice starts at 10, and we plan to play for two hours. By 12 o'clock, we will have finished.

b.
The phone is ringing! (answer)
I                        the phone.
Answer: The phone is ringing! I am going to answer the phone.

c.
Do you want to come to the disco with us? (come)
                        you                        ?
Answer: Do you want to come to the disco with us? Are you coming with us?

d.
Look at those clouds. (rain)
Do you think                        ?
Answer: Look at those clouds. Do you think it is going to rain?

e.
Let's hurry up. The children are alone at home. (stay)
By the time we reach home, the children                        alone at home for two hours.
Answer: Let's hurry up. The children are alone at home. By the time we reach home, the children will have been staying alone at home for two hours.

f.
Their plane lands at 7:30. Let's get there earlier. (wait)
At 7 o'clock, we                        .
Answer: Their plane lands at 7:30. Let's get there earlier. At 7 o'clock, we will be waiting.

Writing II

B. Imagine you are the secretary of the Child Club of your school. Write a notice on behalf of your Child Club about a program that you are going to organize soon.

Answer:

Thursday, May 15, 2025

Subject: Child Club Programme Announcement Dear Students,

We are pleased to inform you that the Child Club of our school is organising a special programme for all students. This programme aims to provide an opportunity for students to showcase their talents and engage se their in various fun-filled activities.

Event: Talent Show and Fun Activities
Date: May 20, 2025
Time: 11:00 A.M. - 5:30 P.M.
Venue: Gurung (Tamu) Samaj Rambachchha - Bhawan, Waling-1, Syangja

The programme will consist of a Talent Show where students can demonstrate their skills in singing, dancing, acting, poetry recitation, or any other talent they possess. This is a wonderful platform to exhibit your abilities and receive appreciation from fellow students and teachers.

Additionally, we have arranged various fun activities, including games, art and craft workshops, face painting, and much more. It will be an exciting day filled with laughter and enjoyment. We look forward to your enthusiastic participation and making this event a grand success. Let's come together as a vibrant community and celebrate the talents and creativity of our fellow students. For any queries or further information - please feel free to contact personnel below.
Pushan - 9800000012/pushangurung@gmail.com
Nischal - 9800000099/nischalgurung@gmail.com
Thank you.

Best Regards,
Nischal Gurung
Secretary, Child Club
Or,

May 15, 2025

Notice!

This is to inform all the concerned that we, the members of the child club in our school, are going to organize an awareness programme “Fire and safety” that focuses on making the participants responsive about fire, possible hazards, and safety measures. The programme details are as follow:

Date of the programme: May 20, 2025
Time: sharp at 11.00 AM to 5:30 PM
Venue: Auditorium hall of the school

All the parents, guardians, students, and entire school family of AEBS are requested not to miss their active participation in the program and learn about the hazards of fire and its safety measures. We hope the programme gives great insights related to fire-safety and offer them learning for life.

Thank you.

Best Regards,
Nischal Gurung
Secretary
Child Club
Shree Armadi Secondary English Boarding School, Rambachchha, Syangja.
Tags
DR Gurung
A Learner (अज्ञान जस्तो ठूलो शत्रु अरु केही छैन।) 🙏🙏😍😍
Comments
First of all, thank you for taking the time to read my blog. It's much appreciated! If you would like to leave a comment, please do, I'd love to hear what you think!

Suggestions and/or questions are always welcome, either post them in the comment form or send me an email at drgurung82@gmail.com.

However, comments are always reviewed and it may take some time to appear. Always keep in mind "URL without nofollow tag" will consider as a spam. 😜